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Module Stdlib_stable.Float32Source

Floating-point arithmetic.

OCaml's floating-point numbers follow the IEEE 754 standard, using single precision (32 bits) numbers. Floating-point operations never raise an exception on overflow, underflow, division by zero, etc. Instead, special IEEE numbers are returned as appropriate, such as infinity for 1.0s /. 0.0s, neg_infinity for -1.0s /. 0.0s, and nan ('not a number') for 0.0s /. 0.0s. These special numbers then propagate through floating-point computations as expected: for instance, 1.0s /. infinity is 0.0s, basic arithmetic operations (+., -., *., /.) with nan as an argument return nan, ...

Sourcetype t = float32

An alias for the type of 32-bit floating-point numbers.

Sourceval zero : t @@ portable

The floating point 0.s

Sourceval one : t @@ portable

The floating-point 1.s

Sourceval minus_one : t @@ portable

The floating-point -1.s

Sourceval neg : t -> t @@ portable

Unary negation.

Sourceval add : t -> t -> t @@ portable

Floating-point addition.

Sourceval sub : t -> t -> t @@ portable

Floating-point subtraction.

Sourceval mul : t -> t -> t @@ portable

Floating-point multiplication.

Sourceval div : t -> t -> t @@ portable

Floating-point division.

Sourceval pow : t -> t -> t @@ portable

Exponentiation.

Sourcemodule Operators : sig ... end

Floating-point arithmetic operator overloads.

Sourceval fma : t -> t -> t -> t @@ portable

fma x y z returns x * y + z, with a best effort for computing this expression with a single rounding, using either hardware instructions (providing full IEEE compliance) or a software emulation.

Sourceval rem : t -> t -> t @@ portable

rem a b returns the remainder of a with respect to b. The returned value is a -. n *. b, where n is the quotient a /. b rounded towards zero to an integer.

Sourceval succ : t -> t @@ portable

succ x returns the floating point number right after x i.e., the smallest floating-point number greater than x. See also next_after.

Sourceval pred : t -> t @@ portable

pred x returns the floating-point number right before x i.e., the greatest floating-point number smaller than x. See also next_after.

Sourceval abs : t -> t @@ portable

abs f returns the absolute value of f.

Sourceval infinity : t @@ portable

Positive infinity.

Sourceval neg_infinity : t @@ portable

Negative infinity.

Sourceval nan : t @@ portable

A special floating-point value denoting the result of an undefined operation such as 0.0s /. 0.0s. Stands for 'not a number'. Any floating-point operation with nan as argument returns nan as result, unless otherwise specified in IEEE 754 standard. As for floating-point comparisons, =, <, <=, > and >= return false and <> returns true if one or both of their arguments is nan.

Equivalent to quiet_nan.

Sourceval signaling_nan : t @@ portable

Signaling NaN. The corresponding signals do not raise OCaml exception, but the value can be useful for interoperability with C libraries.

Sourceval quiet_nan : t @@ portable

Quiet NaN.

Sourceval pi : t @@ portable

The constant pi.

Sourceval max_float : t @@ portable

The largest positive finite value of type float32.

Sourceval min_float : t @@ portable

The smallest positive, non-zero, non-denormalized value of type float32.

Sourceval epsilon : t @@ portable

The difference between 1.0s and the smallest exactly representable floating-point number greater than 1.0s.

Sourceval is_finite : t -> bool @@ portable

is_finite x is true if and only if x is finite i.e., not infinite and not nan.

Sourceval is_infinite : t -> bool @@ portable

is_infinite x is true if and only if x is infinity or neg_infinity.

Sourceval is_nan : t -> bool @@ portable

is_nan x is true if and only if x is not a number (see nan).

Sourceval is_integer : t -> bool @@ portable

is_integer x is true if and only if x is an integer.

Sourceval of_float : float -> t @@ portable

Convert a 64-bit float to the nearest representable 32-bit float.

Sourceval to_float : t -> float @@ portable

Convert a 32-bit float to a 64-bit float.

Sourceval of_int : int -> t @@ portable

Convert an integer to floating-point.

Sourceval to_int : t -> int @@ portable

Truncate the given floating-point number to an integer. The result is unspecified if the argument is nan or falls outside the range of representable integers.

Sourceval of_int64 : int64 -> t @@ portable

Convert the given 64-bit integer to the nearest representable 32-bit float. The amd64 OxCaml compiler translates this call to CVTSI2SS.

Sourceval to_int64 : t -> int64 @@ portable

Convert the given 32-bit float to a 64-bit integer, discarding the fractional part (truncate towards 0). If the truncated floating-point number is outside the range [Int64.min_int, Int64.max_int], no exception is raised, and an unspecified, platform-dependent integer is returned. The amd64 OxCaml compiler translates this call to CVTTSS2SI.

Sourceval of_bits : int32 -> t @@ portable

Convert a 32-bit integer to a 32-bit float, preserving the value's bit pattern. The amd64 OxCaml compiler translates this call to MOVD.

Sourceval to_bits : t -> int32 @@ portable

Convert a 32-bit float to a 32-bit integer, preserving the value's bit pattern. The amd64 OxCaml compiler translates this call to MOVD.

Sourceval of_string : string -> t @@ portable

Convert the given string to a float. The string is read in decimal (by default) or in hexadecimal (marked by 0x or 0X). The format of decimal floating-point numbers is [-] dd.ddd (e|E) [+|-] dd , where d stands for a decimal digit. The format of hexadecimal floating-point numbers is [-] 0(x|X) hh.hhh (p|P) [+|-] dd , where h stands for an hexadecimal digit and d for a decimal digit. In both cases, at least one of the integer and fractional parts must be given; the exponent part is optional. The _ (underscore) character can appear anywhere in the string and is ignored. Depending on the execution platforms, other representations of floating-point numbers can be accepted, but should not be relied upon.

  • raises Failure

    if the given string is not a valid representation of a float32.

Sourceval of_string_opt : string -> t option @@ portable

Same as of_string, but returns None instead of raising.

Sourceval to_string : t -> string @@ portable

Return a string representation of a floating-point number.

This conversion does not involve a loss of precision.

Sourcetype fpclass = fpclass =
  1. | FP_normal
    (*

    Normal number, none of the below

    *)
  2. | FP_subnormal
    (*

    Number very close to 0.0s, has reduced precision

    *)
  3. | FP_zero
    (*

    Number is 0.0s or -0.0s

    *)
  4. | FP_infinite
    (*

    Number is positive or negative infinity

    *)
  5. | FP_nan
    (*

    Not a number: result of an undefined operation

    *)

The five classes of floating-point numbers, as determined by the classify_float function.

Sourceval classify_float : t -> fpclass @@ portable

Return the class of the given floating-point number: normal, subnormal, zero, infinite, or not a number.

Sourceval sqrt : t -> t @@ portable

Square root. The amd64 OxCaml compiler translates this call to SQRTSS.

Sourceval cbrt : t -> t @@ portable

Cube root.

Sourceval exp : t -> t @@ portable

Exponential.

Sourceval exp2 : t -> t @@ portable

Base 2 exponential function.

Sourceval log : t -> t @@ portable

Natural logarithm.

Sourceval log10 : t -> t @@ portable

Base 10 logarithm.

Sourceval log2 : t -> t @@ portable

Base 2 logarithm.

Sourceval expm1 : t -> t @@ portable

expm1 x computes exp x -. 1.0, giving numerically-accurate results even if x is close to 0.0.

Sourceval log1p : t -> t @@ portable

log1p x computes log(1.0 +. x) (natural logarithm), giving numerically-accurate results even if x is close to 0.0.

Sourceval cos : t -> t @@ portable

Cosine. Argument is in radians.

Sourceval sin : t -> t @@ portable

Sine. Argument is in radians.

Sourceval tan : t -> t @@ portable

Tangent. Argument is in radians.

Sourceval acos : t -> t @@ portable

Arc cosine. The argument must fall within the range [-1.0, 1.0]. Result is in radians and is between 0.0 and pi.

Sourceval asin : t -> t @@ portable

Arc sine. The argument must fall within the range [-1.0, 1.0]. Result is in radians and is between -pi/2 and pi/2.

Sourceval atan : t -> t @@ portable

Arc tangent. Result is in radians and is between -pi/2 and pi/2.

Sourceval atan2 : t -> t -> t @@ portable

atan2 y x returns the arc tangent of y /. x. The signs of x and y are used to determine the quadrant of the result. Result is in radians and is between -pi and pi.

Sourceval hypot : t -> t -> t @@ portable

hypot x y returns sqrt(x *. x +. y *. y), that is, the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle with sides of length x and y, or, equivalently, the distance of the point (x,y) to origin. If one of x or y is infinite, returns infinity even if the other is nan.

Sourceval cosh : t -> t @@ portable

Hyperbolic cosine. Argument is in radians.

Sourceval sinh : t -> t @@ portable

Hyperbolic sine. Argument is in radians.

Sourceval tanh : t -> t @@ portable

Hyperbolic tangent. Argument is in radians.

Sourceval acosh : t -> t @@ portable

Hyperbolic arc cosine. The argument must fall within the range [1.0, inf]. Result is in radians and is between 0.0 and inf.

Sourceval asinh : t -> t @@ portable

Hyperbolic arc sine. The argument and result range over the entire real line. Result is in radians.

Sourceval atanh : t -> t @@ portable

Hyperbolic arc tangent. The argument must fall within the range [-1.0, 1.0]. Result is in radians and ranges over the entire real line.

Sourceval erf : t -> t @@ portable

Error function. The argument ranges over the entire real line. The result is always within [-1.0, 1.0].

Sourceval erfc : t -> t @@ portable

Complementary error function (erfc x = 1 - erf x). The argument ranges over the entire real line. The result is always within [-1.0, 1.0].

Sourceval trunc : t -> t @@ portable

trunc x rounds x to the nearest integer whose absolute value is less than or equal to x.

Sourceval round : t -> t @@ portable

round x rounds x to the nearest integer with ties (fractional values of 0.5s) rounded away from zero, regardless of the current rounding direction. If x is an integer, +0.s, -0.s, nan, or infinite, x itself is returned.

Sourceval ceil : t -> t @@ portable

Round above to an integer value. ceil f returns the least integer value greater than or equal to f. The result is returned as a float32.

Sourceval floor : t -> t @@ portable

Round below to an integer value. floor f returns the greatest integer value less than or equal to f. The result is returned as a float32.

Sourceval next_after : t -> t -> t @@ portable

next_after x y returns the next representable floating-point value following x in the direction of y. More precisely, if y is greater (resp. less) than x, it returns the smallest (resp. largest) representable number greater (resp. less) than x. If x equals y, the function returns y. If x or y is nan, a nan is returned. Note that next_after max_float infinity = infinity and that next_after 0.s infinity is the smallest denormalized positive number. If x is the smallest denormalized positive number, next_after x 0.s = 0.s

Sourceval copy_sign : t -> t -> t @@ portable

copy_sign x y returns a float whose absolute value is that of x and whose sign is that of y. If x is nan, returns nan. If y is nan, returns either x or -. x, but it is not specified which.

Sourceval sign_bit : t -> bool @@ portable

sign_bit x is true if and only if the sign bit of x is set. For example sign_bit 1. and signbit 0. are false while sign_bit (-1.) and sign_bit (-0.) are true.

Sourceval frexp : t -> t * int @@ portable

frexp f returns the pair of the significant and the exponent of f. When f is zero, the significant x and the exponent n of f are equal to zero. When f is non-zero, they are defined by f = x *. 2 ** n and 0.5 <= x < 1.0.

Sourceval ldexp : t -> int -> t @@ portable

ldexp x n returns x *. 2 ** n.

Sourceval modf : t -> t * t @@ portable

modf f returns the pair of the fractional and integral part of f.

Sourceval compare : t -> t -> int @@ portable

compare x y returns 0 if x is equal to y, a negative integer if x is less than y, and a positive integer if x is greater than y. compare treats nan as equal to itself and less than any other float value. This treatment of nan ensures that compare defines a total ordering relation.

Sourceval equal : t -> t -> bool @@ portable

The equal function for floating-point numbers, compared using compare.

Sourceval min : t -> t -> t @@ portable

min x y returns the minimum of x and y. It returns nan when x or y is nan. Moreover min (-0.s) (+0.s) = -0.s

Sourceval max : t -> t -> t @@ portable

max x y returns the maximum of x and y. It returns nan when x or y is nan. Moreover max (-0.s) (+0.s) = +0.s

Sourcemodule With_weird_nan_behavior : sig ... end
Sourceval min_max : t -> t -> t * t @@ portable

min_max x y is (min x y, max x y), just more efficient.

Sourceval min_num : t -> t -> t @@ portable

min_num x y returns the minimum of x and y treating nan as missing values. If both x and y are nan, nan is returned. Moreover min_num (-0.s) (+0.s) = -0.s

Sourceval max_num : t -> t -> t @@ portable

max_num x y returns the maximum of x and y treating nan as missing values. If both x and y are nan nan is returned. Moreover max_num (-0.s) (+0.s) = +0.s

Sourceval min_max_num : t -> t -> t * t @@ portable

min_max_num x y is (min_num x y, max_num x y), just more efficient. Note that in particular min_max_num x nan = (x, x) and min_max_num nan y = (y, y).

Sourceval iround_current : t -> int64 @@ portable

Rounds a float32 to an int64 using the current rounding mode. The default rounding mode on amd64 is "round half to even", and we expect that no program will change the mode. The default mode may differ on other platforms. If the argument is NaN or infinite or if the rounded value cannot be represented, then the result is unspecified. The amd64 OxCaml compiler translates this call to CVTSS2SI.

Sourceval round_current : t -> t @@ portable

Rounds a float32 to an integer float32 using the current rounding mode. The default rounding mode on amd64 is "round half to even", and we expect that no program will change the mode. The default mode may differ on other platforms. The amd64 OxCaml compiler translates this call to ROUNDSS.

Sourceval round_down : t -> t @@ portable

Rounds a float32 down to the next integer float32 toward negative infinity. The amd64 OxCaml compiler translates this call to ROUNDSS.

Sourceval round_up : t -> t @@ portable

Rounds a float32 up to the next integer float32 toward positive infinity. The amd64 OxCaml compiler translates this call to ROUNDSS.

Sourceval round_towards_zero : t -> t @@ portable

Rounds a float32 to the next integer float32 toward zero. The amd64 OxCaml compiler translates this call to ROUNDSS.

Sourceval seeded_hash : int -> t -> int @@ portable

A seeded hash function for floats, with the same output value as Hashtbl.seeded_hash. This function allows this module to be passed as argument to the functor Hashtbl.MakeSeeded.

Sourceval hash : t -> int @@ portable

An unseeded hash function for floats, with the same output value as Hashtbl.hash. This function allows this module to be passed as argument to the functor Hashtbl.Make.

Sourcemodule Bytes : sig ... end
Sourcemodule String : sig ... end
Sourcemodule Bigstring : sig ... end
Sourcemodule Bigarray : sig ... end